Divorces Impact on Preschool, School-Aged and Adolescent Children - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 997 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Divorce Essay Did you like this example? The emotional and sociological development of a child is highly affected by the dynamics of their family. If the child has a strong support system, the possibilities are higher for that child to develop into a well balanced adult. The childs growth process is affected if the child lacks a strong support system. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Divorces Impact on Preschool, School-Aged and Adolescent Children" essay for you Create order Death and divorce are two traumatic events in the childs life that impact them emotional and sociological. Divorce is a situation that is damaging to childs mental state, because this is an ongoing act of event. This devastating event puts a lot of strain on the child emotionally. In America, there is one divorce approximately every 36 seconds*. Thats nearly 2,400 divorces per day, 16,800 divorces per week and 876,000 divorces a year. The average length of a marriage that ends in divorce is eight years. People wait an average of three years after a divorce to remarry (if they remarry at all).Oct 30, 2012 Step that can be taken that can minimize the numbers of divorce. The number one key is communication. Communication is the solid foundation to any marriage, if one doesnt know whats the problem how can it ever be fix with out communication. One partner relating to the other partner any concerns or issues that effect the marriage. When most people get married they get comfortable and they stop doing what it took to get married, such as intimacy, cooking cleaning, being polite, caring, complimenting, flirting and etc. As an old saying say. What it took to get them you have to do that and more to keep them. A great marriage is being able to be best friends along with passion and being able to understand the needs of each other even in distress and rage. Can divorce really be minimize, of course it can people just dont have the access to the proper help such as marriage counseling that can help them in the areas needed in order to help the marriage work. There are other resources such as pastors and seeking spiritual counseling. HELPING THE CHILD COPE As indicated by (Velez, Wolchik, Tein and Sandler, 2011) preschool age kids reactions and comprehends separate from not the same as adolescents. Contingent upon the age, youngsters have distinctive vision of their folks division. Because of high rates of separation, non conjugal childbearing, living together, and remarriage, an expanding number of American youngsters are encountering various family changes, alongside new child rearing figures, as they grow up (King, 2009). Offspring of pre-school age see themselves more engaged with the associations with their mom than with the father, on the grounds that a tyke invests the majority of his energy with the mother, while the father is just irregularly engaged with the procedure of training and kid mind. Because of the way that after a separation the genuine association of the youngster with one of the guardians is significantly lessened, his associations with co-custodial parent (and by and large the mother) are especially imperative t o him. As mother normally turns into the most noteworthy individual for the tyke after the separation, he acknowledges her with incredible friendship, while the state of mind of the father is for the most part negative. Separation and School Age Children As indicated by (Gladding, ( 2005) offspring of school age respond to nonverbal correspondence and restoration preparing. The offspring of school age acknowledge the separation procedure more troublesome than the offspring of pre-school age. The thing is that the offspring of more youthful age acknowledge the negative occasions throughout their life on the level of feelings, while the senior oneson the level of mental investigation. The offspring of school age can better notice the negative sides of life of their folks that is the reason the procedure of separation is exceptionally difficult for them. The offspring of school age frequently have a solid feeling of blame and self-dishonor, encountering sentiments of outrage and disdain after their folks separation. They feel relinquished, angry, furious with their folks and embarrassed about the family issues. That is the reason the parents separation for the offspring of school age is an awesome mental and enthusiastic pressure, which can cause genuine mental issues in future. As indicated by (Amato and Keith, (1991) separations can create change to lives that shape a tykes formative. Separation can deliver an air with little control of kids following separation issues (Kali and Cavanaugh, 2013). It is essential for guardians to be consistence and make a structure situation. Immature youngsters in the time of their parents separation firmly encounter a sentiment deserting. They are torn between two sides: mother and father. Juvenile youngsters in the family with one parent turns out to be more reliant on the side, with whom he remains, which prompts the loss of the psychosexual introduction, moving far from the standard sexual orientation parts, and makes disarray in his thoughts regarding the place of people in the family and life when all is said in done. As per (Stohschein, (2005) offspring of separations may encounter issue, for example, tension, enthusiastic maladjustment, and despondency. The present society otherworldly direction may diminish the level of separations and help kids to defeat this period all the more effortlessly is an expert mental help. Individuals would prefer regularly not to take a shot at the connections and break them as opposed to making endeavor to battle with the challenges they confronted. Being an expert instructor, he or she would furnish the two sides with the writing, which would alter their opinion concerning the procedure of separation and influenced them, to consider it as a guide of how to spare the family and their youngsters emotions. As indicated by King, (2009) youngsters and moms holding diminish if the mother lives with someone else, however isnt influenced in the event that she remarries. In conclusion the children are the ones, who dont bear obligation regarding individuals activities and wrong decision. Therefore, guardians must do their best so as to spare them from strife circumstances and inconveniences emerging in the family.

Blombos Cave and the Creativity of Early Modern Humans

Blombos Cave (abbreviated in the scientific literature as BBC) contains one of the longest and richest sequences of early subsistence, and technological and cultural innovations of pressure-flaking of stone tools, non-functional engraving, shell bead production, and red ochre processing by early modern humans worldwide, from occupations dated to the Middle Stone Age (MSA), 74,000-100,000 years ago. The rock shelter is located in a steep wave-cut calcrete cliff, about 300 kilometers (186 miles) east of Cape Town, South Africa. The cave is 34.5 meters (113 ft) above current sea level and 100 m (328 ft) from the Indian Ocean. Chronology The site deposits include 80 centimeters (31 inches) of a Later Stone Age deposit, an archaeologically sterile layer of aeolian (windblown) dune sand, called the Hiatus, and about 1.4 m (4.5 ft) comprising four Middle Stone Age levels. As of 2016, excavations have included an area of about 40 sqm (430 sq ft). Dates and thicknesses presented below are derived from Roberts et al. 2016: Late Stone Age, 2,000-300 years before the present (BP), ~80 cm in thicknessHiatus ~68 ka (thousand years BP), a culturally sterile sand dune which sealed the lower MSA, 5-10 cmM1 - Middle Stone Age Still Bay (64-73 ka, Marine Isotope Stage 5a/4), 6 strata, ~20 cmM2 Upper - Middle Stone Age Still Bay (77-82 ka, MIS 5b/a), 4 strata, ~20 cmM2 Lower - Middle Stone Age, 85-81 ka (MIS 5b), 5 strata, ~25 cmM3 - Middle Stone Age (94-101 ka, MIS 5c), 10 strata, 75 cm The Late Stone Age level contains a dense series of occupations within the rock shelter, characterized by ochre, bone tools, bone beads, shell pendants, and pottery. Middle Stone Age Occupations Together, the M1 and upper M2 levels at Blombos have been designated Still Bay phase, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction suggests the climate during this period fluctuated between arid and humid. Within an area of approximately 19 sqm have been found 65 hearths and 45 ash piles. The stone tools from the Still Bay occupations are primarily made from locally available silcrete, but also include quartzite and quartz. Nearly 400 Still Bay type points have been recovered so far, and about half of them were heat-treated and finished using sophisticated pressure flaking techniques: prior to the discoveries at BBC, pressure flaking was thought to have been invented in Upper Paleolithic Europe, only 20,000 years ago. Over 40 bone tools have been recovered, most of which are awls. A few were polished and may have been hafted as projectile points. Symbolic Behavior More than 2,000 pieces of ochre have been found so far from the Still Bay occupations, including two with deliberately engraved cross-hatched patterns from M1, and six more from M2 upper. A bone fragment was also marked, with 8 parallel lines. Over 65 beads have been discovered in the MSA levels, all of which are tick shells, Nassarius kraussianus, and most of them have been carefully perforated, polished, and in some cases deliberately heat-treated to a dark-grey to black coloration (dErrico and colleagues 2015). Vanhaeren et al. conducted experimental reproduction and close analysis of the usewear on the tick shell beads from M1. They determined that a cluster of 24 perforated shells were probably strung together in a ~10 cm long string in such a way so that they hung in alternate positions, creating a visual pattern of symmetrical pairs. A second later pattern was also identified, apparently created by knotting cords together to create floating pairs of dorsally joined shells. Each of these patterns of stringing was repeated on at least five different beadwork pieces. A discussion of the significance of shell beads may be found in Shell Beads and Behavioral Modernity. Before Still Bay The M2 level at BBC was a period of fewer and shorter occupations than either earlier or later periods. The cave contained a few basin hearths and one very large hearth at this point; the artifact assemblage includes small quantities of stone tools, consisting of blades, flakes, and cores of silcrete, quartz, and quartzite. Faunal material is limited to shellfish and ostrich eggshell. In sharp contrast, occupation debris within the M3 level at BBC is far denser. So far, M3 has produced abundant lithics but no bone tools; lots of modified ochre, including eight slabs with deliberate engravings in cross-hatching, y-shaped or crenulated designs. Stone tools include objects made of exotic fine-grained materials. The animal bone assemblage from M3 includes mostly small to medium mammals such as rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis), Cape dune mole-rat (Bathyergus suillus), steenbok/grysbok (Raphicerus sp), Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus), and eland (Tragelaphus oryx). Larger animals are also represented in fewer numbers, including equids, hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius), rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae), elephant (Loxodonta africana), and giant buffalo (Sycerus antiquus). Paint Pots in M3 Within the M3 levels were also found two abalone (Haliotis midae) shells located within 6 cm of one another, and interpreted as an ochre processing workshop. The cavity of each shell was filled with a red compound of ochre, crushed bone, charcoal, and tiny stone flakes. A round flat stone with use-wear marks along the edge and face was likely used to crush and mix the pigment; it fits snugly into one of the shells and was stained with red ochre and encrusted with fragments of crushed bone. One of the shells had long scratches in its nacreous surface. Although no large painted objects or walls have been found in BBC, the resulting ochre pigment was likely used as paint to decorate a surface, object or person: while cave paintings are not known from Howiesons Poort/Still Bay occupations, ochre-painted objects have been identified within several sites of the Middle Stone Age along the South African coast. Excavations have been conducted at Blombos by Christopher S. Henshilwood and colleagues since 1991 and have continued intermittently ever since. Sources Badenhorst S, Van Niekerk KL, and Henshilwood CS. 2016. Large mammal remains from the 100 KA middle stone age layers of Blombos cave, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin 71(203):46-52. Botha R. 2008. Prehistoric shell beads as a window on language evolution. Language Communication 28(3):197-212. dErrico F, Vanhaeren M, Van Niekerk K, Henshilwood CS, and Erasmus RM. 2015. Assessing the Accidental Versus Deliberate Colour Modification of Shell Beads: a Case Study on Perforated Nassarius. Archaeometry 57(1):51-76.kraussianus from Blombos Cave Middle Stone Age levels Discamps E, and Henshilwood CS. 2015. Intra-Site Variability in the Still Bay Fauna at Blombos Cave: Implications for Explanatory Models of the Middle Stone Age Cultural and Technological Evolution. PLOS 10(12):e0144866.ONE Henshilwood C, DErrico F, Van Niekerk K, Coquinot Y, Jacobs Z, Lauritzen S-E, Menu M, and Garcia-Moreno R. 2011. A 100,000-Year-Old Ochre-Processing Workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa. Science 334:219-222. Jacobs Z, Hayes EH, Roberts RG, Galbraith RF, and Henshilwood CS. 2013. An improved OSL chronology for the Still Bay layers at Blombos Cave, South Africa: further tests of single-grain dating procedures and a re-evaluation of the timing of the Still Bay industry across southern Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(1):579-594. Mourre V, Villa P, and Henshilwood C. 2010. Early use of pressure flaking on lithic artifacts at Blombos Cave, South Africa. Science 330:659-662. Moyo S, Mphuthi D, Cukrowska E, Henshilwood CS, van Niekerk K, and Chimuka L. 2016. Blombos Cave: Middle Stone Age ochre differentiation through FTIR, ICP OES, ED XRF, and XRD. Quaternary International 404, Part B:20-29. Roberts P, Henshilwood CS, Van Niekerk KL, Keene P, Gledhill A, Reynard J, Badenhorst S, and Lee-Thorp J. 2016. Climate, Environment. PLoS ONE 11(7):e0157408.and Early Human Innovation: Stable Isotope and Faunal Proxy Evidence from Archaeological Sites (98-59ka) in the Southern Cape, South Africa Thompson JC, and Henshilwood CS. 2011. Taphonomic analysis of the Middle Stone Age larger mammal faunal assemblage from Blombos Cave, southern Cape, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 60(6):746-767. Vanhaeren M, dErrico F, van Niekerk KL, Henshilwood CS, and Erasmus RM. 2013. Thinking strings: Additional evidence for personal ornament use Journal of Human Evolution 64(6):500-517.in the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, South Africa.

How Is Convertir (to Convert) Conjugated in French

In order to say to convert in French, use the verb  convertir. The words similarity to its English translation makes it an easy one to remember and conjugating it is not too difficult, either. Conjugating the French Verb  Convertir Convertir  is a  regular -IR verb  and it follows the same verb conjugation pattern of similar verbs. When you learn the endings for this one, you can apply them to  chà ©rir  (to cherish),  blanchir  (to bleach), and many other verbs. To form the conjugates in the present, future, or imperfect past tenses, use this table. Match the subject pronoun with the tense you wish to use and your sentence is almost complete. To say I convert, use je convertis or for we will convert, use nous convertirons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je convertis convertirai convertissais tu convertis convertiras convertissais il convertit convertira convertissait nous convertissons convertirons convertissions vous convertissez convertirez convertissiez ils convertissent convertiront convertissaient The Present Participle of  Convertir The  present participle  of convertir  is  convertissant. This is done by adding -ssant  to the verb stem and it can also work as an adjective, gerund, or noun. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is another option for expressing the past tense converted. To form this, conjugate the  auxiliary, or helping,  verb  avoir, then add the  past participle  converti. For example, I converted becomes jai converti and we converted is nous avons converti. More Simple  Convertir  Conjugations In some instances, you may encounter or need to use one of the following verb forms of  convertir. The subjunctive and conditional are for those times when the verbs action is questionable. The passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive are most often found in formal  writing. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je convertisse convertirais convertis convertisse tu convertisses convertirais convertis convertisses il convertisse convertirait convertit convertt nous convertissions convertirions convertmes convertissions vous convertissiez convertiriez converttes convertissiez ils convertissent convertiraient convertirent convertissent The imperative verb form is relatively easy and its much shorter. When using it in an exclamation, the subject pronoun is not required: use convertis rather than tu convertis. Imperative (tu) convertis (nous) convertissons (vous) convertissez

Taking a Look at the Parachute - 526 Words

The parachute is an invention that many people around the world use today. It can be used for skydiving, military use and for safety on air planes. The idea came from the one and only Leonardo Da Vinci about the1480’s. He came up with the idea on paper. He actually never built the idea. But he is noted for the first person to come up with the idea of the parachute. Some people say during ancient Chinese age; they came up with the idea. It is written in history that Leonardo Da Vinci made a sketch of the invention with this description; â€Å"If a man have a tent made of linen of which the apertures (openings) have all been stopped up, and it be twelve braccia (about 23 feet) across and twelve in depth, he will be able to throw himself down form any great height without suffering any injury.† The notion remained unmade until Sebastien Lenormand in 1783 walked off the top of the Montpellier observatory then, a few seconds later, landed on the ground intact. It is said th at he came up with the word parachute. He crossed the French prefix paracete. Meaning to protect against, and chute. The French word for fall; it all together it meant to describe the devise’s purpose. The next person to make an impact was a man named Andrà ©-Jacques Garnerin. He was known for taking High altitudes from a hydrogen balloon. His wife Jeanne-Genevieve; became the first female to parachute. Unfortunately in 1823 he died in a balloon accident while preparing to test a new parachute. Then it was untilShow MoreRelated Skydiving History and Today Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pages The first ideas of freefall did not consider the evolution of human body flight that skydiving has become today. In fact, Leonardo Da Vinci, who we now consider the â€Å"Father of the Parachute,† designed the first conceivable sketch of a parachute. 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Virtual systems are taking over. A company can better meet their fiscal goals since it does not require the need of an elaborate system of servers and data. Tech organizations that utilize the Cloud can concentrate on their core competencies and may need fewer IT resourcesRead MoreParaskeva Clarks Wartime Art Essay2195 Words   |  9 Pagesthe opportunity to be apart of the war reco rds she visited the RCAF training base east of Toronto. There she observed women at work in various areas of the base. Clark found six areas she found as interesting subjects they included women folding parachutes, at the wireless, working in the shop, repairing parts, putting patches on planes in the hangar, and working on the motors in the hangar. She sketched while at the base and then returned home to create the oil paintings (Lind 164). Since she was

Jeannette Winterson Weight Free Essays

In Jeanette Winterson’s novel Weight, the author demonstrates how myths have modern personal relevancies and can encourage each reader to investigate the three main subject matters in their lives; boundaries, freedom, and guilt. The numerous references to walls throughout the novel signify the boundaries, which make Atlas strive for freedom. Winterson’s Weight, is a modern rewrite on an old myth of Atlas and Heracles, and the challenges they endure can be interpreted by individual readers for personal relevancies. We will write a custom essay sample on Jeannette Winterson Weight or any similar topic only for you Order Now Atlas, a father of daughters, is faced with the burden of carrying the world on his shoulders. This can represent a feeling as if one is carrying a world of stress and guilt on one’s shoulders and conscience. Heracles, the stronger of the two, takes the weight of the world from Atlas momentarily and struggles to carry the burden when he sends Atlas to pick three golden apples from the Garden of Hesperides. For example, boundaries are represented by walls throughout Winterson’s novel, not just the physical structures but also any other representation of a boundary. Winterson conceives the body itself as a boundary, in the sense that the skin stands between a human and everything else and although Atlas feels trapped in his own body, he escapes into his own mind to ponder the philosophies of boundaries and the universe. Winterson writes, â€Å"At last I began to hear something, I found that where the world was close to my ears, I could hear everything. I could hear conversation, parrots squawking, donkeys braying. I heard the rushing of underground rivers and the crackles of fires lighted. Each sound became a meaning and soon I began to de-code the world. †¦ As the dinosaurs crawl through my hair and volcanic eruptions pock my face, I find I am become a part of what I must bear. There is no longer Atlas and the world; there is only the World Atlas. Travel me and I am continents. I am the journey you must make. † (p. 24). This can represent feeling stuck within self, feeling trapped and almost tortured to find freedom. Although boundaries are a very strong representation within the novel, there is a connection between the walls and the freedom of nothingness. Atlas constantly is escaping into the limitless of his imagination, where he is not punished for wanting the forbidden. The Gods hoped that by punishing Atlas to be trapped in his body under the weight of the world that they would contain his mind, and they were mistaken. This can be interpreted as the strength and perseverance from within an individual. The wall that Atlas builds around the Garden of Hesperides is constructed in such a way that it explains freedom and nothingness that can sometimes be unappreciated. Winterson writes, â€Å"I built a walled garden, a temenos, a sacred space. I lifted the huge stones with my own hands and piled them carefully, as a goatherd would, leaving tiny gaps to let the wind through. A solid wall is easily collapsed. My mother stirring in her sleep could do as much. A wall well built with invisible spaces will allow the winds that rage against it to pass through. When the earth underneath it trembles, the spaces make room for movement and settlement. The wall stands. The wall’s strength is not in the stones but in the spaces between the stones. It’s a joke against me I think, that for all my strength and labour, the wall relies on nothing . Write it more substantially – NOTHING. † (p. 16). On the contrary, carrying the world doesn’t only make one feel trapped, it also feels as if one is carrying stress and guilt on their conscience, which feels as heavy as the world on one’s shoulders. Heracles is a representation of this when he sends Atlas to pick the golden apples from the Garden of Hesperides, and takes the weight of the world while Atlas travels. Heracles suffers while holding up the world. She writes â€Å"Meanwhile, Heracles was not happy. The world was much heavier than he had guessed. His strength lay in action not in endurance. He liked a short sharp fight, a good dinner and sleep. His body was as strong as Atlas’s, but his nature was not. Hera was right about him there. Heracles’s strength was a cover for his weakness. † (p. 58). While Heracles is holding up the weight of the world, he begins to think of murdering his own children, and all the brutal sexual abuse he has committed on women. This is a very strong moment for readers. When one uses their strength to such exhaustion, physically and emotionally, they tend to think about the wrong doings, and stress within their life and can no longer cope. Winterson shows this by writing, â€Å"Heracles was more afraid now than he had been in his whole life. He could accept any challenge except the challenge of no challenge. He knew himself through combat. He defined himself by opposition. When he fought, he could feel his muscles work, and the blood pumping through his body. Now he felt nothing but the weight of the world Atlas was right, it was too heavy for him. He couldn’t bear it. He couldn’t bear this slowing turning solitude. † (p. 71). In conclusion, humans need both freedom and boundaries. One may think they want freedom and despise boundaries, but to have no limitations and have complete freedom can actually be a burden itself. Humans need the weight of boundaries to keep from drifting away from reality. For Jeanette Winterson, weight can be equated with retelling a myth. The â€Å"I want to tell the story again† theme applies as Winterson writes about how you can tell a story numerous times, but need to stay within the boundaries of the original. For others, this novel may open up a new way of thinking, and coping with personal challenges one can face in modern day. Jeanette Winterson’s Weight is an authentic retelling of a classic myth, including the use of science facts and personal relevancies. Between the limitations, liberty, and culpability that the two main characters face, each reader can interpret each section inversely. Reference Winterson, J. (2006). Weight (2005). Toronto: Vintage Canada. How to cite Jeannette Winterson Weight, Papers

Business Law Companies Act 2006

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Lawfor Companies Act 2006. Answer: Introduction As mentioned in the above scenario, Bella is working with Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. (EY), as a managing director, which is a successful company. Bella owns most of the shares of Eternal Youth Pty Ltd i.e. 60% of the company. She decided to help Leon selling his new organic male soap for men by setting up a new company under the title Wonder Hair Soap Pty Ltd (WHS). Bella became the majority member of the company and Leo as its director. This scenario is not in breach of her duties as the managing director of Eternal Youth Pty Ltd while she even is the majority member in Wonder Hair soap Pty Ltd. But on the other hand, the proposal she suggested to the board of a long-term contract between Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. and Wonder Hair Soap Pty Ltd. where EY will buy supplies from WHS of organic hair soap for resale. (Rock 2015) In this deal, Bella demanded a small commission on each sale as she was the one who brought up the idea. Here, she breached her managing directors duties as owned by Ete rnal Youth Pty Ltd. In accordance with Phipps vs. Boardman (1967) 2 AC 123, Bella breached the fundamental rule of equity. This act describes that she let her personal interests overruled her duties as a managing director in Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. (A guide to Director's responsibilities under the companies Act 2006, 2006). As she was the majority stockholder of Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. as well as that of Wonder Hair Soap Pty Ltd., she presented that idea just for the sake of her personal interests. She deliberately made the long-term contract to serve her personal interests as long as she can. She hid her position at Wonder Hair Soap Pty Ltd. from the board of directors of Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. (EY). (Gov.uk, 2014)She also failed to notify the board of directors about her personal interests in the deal while signing the contract. She, therefore, deliberately breached section 191(1) of the corporate act. As Bella had personal interests in the contract between Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. and Wonder Hair Soap Pty Ltd as mentioned in the corporate law. So, she should not have been present at the boards meeting during the signing of the contracts. (Legislation.govt.nz, 2016) If she would not have been present in the meeting during the signing of the contract, she might not be accused of any breaching in the general Corporations Law according to section 195(1) of the general corporate act, which clearly states that, if the director or any other executive member of the board has any personal interest in the contract, the executive member should not be present in the meeting. This might have saved her from facing a lot of trouble. This clause outcast the vote of Bella and she had no right to cast a vote under any circumstances either in favor or against the contract. But hiding this information from other directors for the sake of her personal interests has put her in jeopardy. (Skeel 2014) On t he other hand, under the section 195(2) in general corporate law, Bella would only be allowed to attend the discussion sessions and voting only, if, Bella had already notified the board of directors of Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. about her personal interest and material gain by signing the contract with and Wonder Hair Soap Pty Ltd. The executive bodies that do not have any personal interest or material gain are contented that the personal interest shown by the managing director should not make her disqualified from casting a vote and attend discussions. This possibility could also be valid if the directors sign a written document mentioning that the director is allowed to attend discussions and cast vote even if he/she have any personal interest in the deal. (Johnson 2013) Bella has the most important part to play in determining the future of the organization as shes the managing director of Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. (Companylawclub.co.uk, 2016) She has the responsibility to exercise total discretion in order to develop and promote the internal as well as external affairs of the company. As the Bella was the one who proposed the contract issue, being managing director of EY, there was no need for going ahead of Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. In fact, it would have been far wiser for Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. to appreciate the determination of Wonder Hair Soap Pty Ltd. prospects and its shareholding throughout. As we have discussed earlier in clause 1, that Bella breached her foremost duties and responsibilities that she owned to Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. (Icaew.com, 2016) She had her personal interest in the contract signed by both the companies She must have disclosed her position and interest before the executive board to avoid such complications. Furthermore, she deliberately inserted a clause in the contract in which shell get a commission on every sale of soap made under the banner of Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. Her behavior clearly depicts her ignorance, greed, and dishonesty regarding Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. It would be difficult for the company to find remedies of what Bella did to the company. She never declared her position to Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. that she was the majority member of Wonder Hair Soap Pty Ltd. Bella cheated her own company, of which she owns 60% of shares yet she let the company pay her commission on every sale EY made. In short, she was unable to fulfill her duties at Et ernal Youth Pty Ltd. as a managing director. Under the general corporate laws, she breached many rules for which she would be punished. First of all, Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. should lock her assets she made as a result of the contract. The profit made by Bella should be made companys accountability no matter either the company made the profit or loss during the time period of the contract. (Icaew.com, 2016)The contract between Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. and Wonder Hair Soap Pty Ltd. should be locked immediately without making any further trade. Due to her poor leadership, dishonesty, lack of interest in company and ignorance led her to a complex situation. (Idowu et al. 2013) The board of directors can also file a lawsuit against Bella with all these charges and as a result, she might land into prison. The board of directors or stakeholders can file a lawsuit against her. As in the above scenario, Bella wants to appoint Max, hey son, as a director and sectary of the company. Renny, director of Eternal Youth Pty Ltd., opposes her decision of appointing her son as a director of the company. According to the general constitutional laws, anyone can be appointed as director of the company if the majority of the existing bench of executives votes for his/her appointment. (Penalties for Breaches of Company Law, 2012) Yes, the executive board can appoint a director if the majority of them votes in favor. Currently, there are a total five directors sitting on the bench of Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. and out of these five, at least 3 of them have to vote for the favor of appointing Max as a director. There are no such legal barriers that can stop Max from becoming director of the company if the board agrees. But if the majority of the board does not approve his appointment, then there is no legal way through which Bella can appoint her son as a director. Even being managing director and having 60% shares in the company, Bella cannot appoint anyone at the post of director without any consent of its stakeholders (swarb.co.uk, 2015). According to the general corporate laws, any director can be removed by passing an ordinary resolution during a meeting with shareholders typically held on the subject of the removing director. There are three basic conditions under which a director can be removed from the board. Give resignation letter to the company. Die. Disqualification or violating any law of companys act. (Cabrelli Siems 2015) Every director can be removed by an ordinary resolution from the board except for the director appointed by the security holder. In the above scenario, Bella needs to draw a legitimate reason or accusation on Remmy to make an excuse for his termination. She needs to draw valid arguments against Remmy to make the board vote against him. But if she fails to get the majority of the votes from shareholders and directors, there is no other legal way to remove Remmy from the post of director (The companies Act 2013, 2013). It is the duty of a private corporation to formulate its constitution in accordance with Companies Act laws. A private firm is defined by the clause s15 in the document. Whenever a new Companies Act comes into force, all private companies are obliged to renew its constitution and policies according to the latest Companies act. According to the general corporate law, if a company needs to modify or adopt a new constitution, a general notice should be issued 21 days prior with a minimum approval of 75% by the board of directors and stakeholders of the company. No new law can be added in the corporates constitution without the consent of its stakeholders (LegalVision, 2013). A company does not necessarily require a constitution to formulate but it helps a lot in sustainability and prosperity of the company. (Bainbridge 2014) The corporates constitution does not follow any specific pattern, in fact, a company can add any clause or point in the constitution regarding any aspect if the board of governors and its stakeholders agree. Eternal Youth Pty Ltd. needs a minimum of 75% approval for implementing the constitution from its board of directors and stakeholders. (Klausner 2013) As Bella being the managing director of Eternal Youth Pty Ltd., wants to pass a constitution stating that a new director can only be appointed through her consent. This clause will only pass if 75% of the members vote in favor. If this constitution gets maximum votes, Bella will be having full control over appointing a new director. In short, it is very important to have the roles properly defined within a company because only then one can decide how to take care of such matters. 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